Working submarine cables.



J. GOTT.

WORKING SUBMARINE GABLES.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 31, 1012.

W/T/VESSELS':

Patented 0013.27, 1914.

MMSLW.

441; ATTORNEYJ UNITED sTATEs PATENT oFrroE.

JOHN GOTT, OF HOVE, BRIGHTON, ENGLAND, ASSIGNOR TO COMMERCIAL CABLE COMYANY, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

WORKING SUBMARINE CABLES.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Oct. 27, 1914.

Original application filed March18,-1912, Serial No. 684,572. Divided and'this application filed July 31,

' 1912. Serial No. 712,509.

To all whom it may concern: Be it'known that I, JorrN of Hove, Brighton, England, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Working Submarine Cables, of which the following is a specification.

In thedrawing Figure 1 is a diagram matic view showing the invention applied to a duplex cablesystem; Fig. 2 a detail view of a simple relaying means; and Fig. 3 a do tail diagrammatic view of the receiving apparatus.

This application is a division of my copending application filed March 18, 1912,

. ables it to be applied in the most economical manner as regards time.

It is well known that reversed currents sent rapidly through a long submarine cable are the most effective in definition.as rcceived at the distant end of the cableeach following current having the effect of neutralizing the preceding one. In this invention every unit of each letter is formed by a reversed current so that in no case during transmission does an impulse of our rent of one polarity follow one of the same polarity. At the receiving end of the cable these reversed currents form units of letters and are transformed in a simple manner, so that the si nals come out in Morse characters, as i received through a short land line and are therefore easy to read and transcribe. To obtain the reversals of polarity of the current to the line for each unit of aletter or signal with absolute uniformity and certainty, I make use of a transformer provided with primary and secondary coils, the primary being placed in the earth circuit of asplit, or double battery. Currents are induced in the secondary'which is connected to and actuates a polarized relay. The induced currents in the secondary coil. are reversed Go'rr, a subject of the King of Great Britain, and resident stone transmitter.

according to the polarity of the last current sent into the cable and these reversals take place in regular sequence assuring that no two successive currents of the same polarity are sent into the line. One advantage of this method is that on making contact with the key to charge the cable the battery contact in the relay is reinforced at the moment the key is depressed thus assuring perfect trans mission. This is brought about by the actionof the secondary coil. The sending of messages through the cable is effected by the working of a single Morse key of the usual type so that the operators mode of manipulation is exactly the same as if he were sending into any ordinary line, that is to say, to transmit a'dash impulse or signal the key is held down or closed longer than when traus-' mltting a dot lmpulse or signal. Where it s desired to send messages automatically the message is prepared on a perforated slip and the lVheatstone transmitter takes the place of the key,thc-reversing polarized relay being connected in circuit as for hand keying with the ordinary and well-known Wheat- The 'two upper contacts of the vibrating contact arm are-used to take the place oi. the key. So also where the 'are translated in the cable into the form of my reversed current alphabet or alternating, current alphabet. Also the relay ref el-red to may work a sounder relay in a local circuit, which, being connected in place of the'single Mor. e key translates the signals from the short onnecting lines or cables into the main cable.

Having described the method of transmission it remains to point out how the Morse code which is sent through the cable inthe form of reversals for each unit of a letter, is retransiormed into the common Morse code.

In all systems of relay repeaters on long cables hitherto used, the contact arm when at rest occupiesa neutral position (known as no'mans land) between two contact plates which are connected to the local battery intended to actuate local instruments for re- 'peating the signalseithezf-into another cable or to record the receivedaignala. If weconsystcm is applied for translation from a land 7 met the two contact plates together it follows that the movable contact-making tongue will record signals made on either side, and these signals will appear on the local apparatus as if made continuously on one contact. For example, two reve sals will appear as four dots, (the letter h in lilorse) and we shall have all the reversed signals received through the cable transformed into the well known lluiorse characters. These may be read by sound or printed on a Morse slip and similarly they may be repeated automatically to another distant station in the Morse characters. It follows from these observations that the cable relay, with its contact tongue and neutral center, will faithfully transmit the re 'ersed Morse code into another cable in the form received, and that the final transformation takes place at the terminal station of the main cables where the message is either transcribed for delivery, or repeated inland.

In order that this invention may be clearly understood and iroperly carried into effect it will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

The invention consists mainly of a new disposition of parts to permit of the use of a code of signals consisting of reversed or alternating currents for the successive units of a letter.

In the diagram Fig. 1, a designates a cable; I) the artificial cables used for duplex working; 0', o the sending condensers; c the wire connecting thqkey (Z to the apex of the bridge arms; the front contact of the key; and g the back contact thereof. The front contact 7 is connected to a polarized relay 1& by wire 7'," and the back contact is connected to earth at g and the discharge from the cable and condensers is directed to earth through said contact when the key is open. lVhen the key is depressed the battery is connected to the cable, and when the key is open and in engagement with the back contact the cable discharges to earth as described. To the two stops it it of the relay [t are connected the opposite poles of a split battery Z Z, the center part of said battery being connected to earth through the primary coil P of a transformer, the secondary coil S thereof being connected to the relay coils. The front contact 7' of the key is electrically connected to the movable tongue or vibrating arm it" of the polarized relay. This tongue it is adapted, as is usual, to make contact with either of the. stops 7L it. Vt hen the key (Z depressed the battery Z or Z is connected to the cable through the wires 7' and c, and a current will be induced in the secondary coil S of the transformer, which current will Iirmly hold the tongue of the polarized relay against the stop with which it is in contact. VI hen the key is opened a reversal of current in the secondary coil Will take place and the vibrating tongue or arm Will then be thrown against the other stop of the polarized relay, thereby reversing the polarity of the current to the front stop 7 of the key and consequently to the line when the key is again depressed or closed. It is manifest that the same cycle of operations follows each depression and raising of the sending key. The result of, this is that the cur 'ent impulse sent to the line at each key operation will. be opposite in polarity to the previously sent current impulse. It is, therefore, clear that in operating the key for sending Morse code signals each signal unit impulse, whether it be a dot or a dash, will be opposite in polarity to the preceding signal unit impulse and, therefore, no two succeeding signal unit impulses will be of the same polarity.

Fig. 2 simply illustrates how the tongue T of a relay connected to a land line, or short cable takes the place of the key of Fig. 1. It also illustrates how the rocking contact bar of a Wheatstone transmitter is connected in place of the key to send automatically into the'cable, the upper two contacts of the transmitter only being used.

Fig. 3 represents the apparatus used at the receiving or terminal end of the cable. The two metal plates o and 'v are separated by an insulator y. The contact making tongue V is actuzi'ted by an attachment to the signal coil of a recorder which coil is in circuit with the cable. Arriving signals move this tongue from zeroto r or '2) according to the polarity of the arriving current. For the purpose of this invention the two metal plates are connected together by the wires at lV and are in circuit with the local battery,' etc. The instrument at Z may be a Morse recording instrument, a sounder or relay or other instrument. It will be clearly seen that rapid reversals will be indicated. by the sounder, for example, as dots or dashes, as if made on one contact only, as in ordinary Morse Working.

I desire it understood that I consider any means for transmitting impulses of current to the line the equivalent of the transmitting key, and that where I use the term key it is, of course, to be understood that I include any equivalent device or apparatus. In relaying from one cable into another, of course, the relay armature becomes a transmitting key, likewise in any arrangement of apparatus in which the impulses of current are sent automatically, the automatic transmitting means becomes the key.

The receiving apparatus of Fig. 3 is shown in connection with the transmitting apparatus of Fig. 1. It is manifest that the received signal impulses of current of alterhating polarity are reproduced in the local circuit controlled by the receiving relay,

(and in. which local circuit the coils of the receiving instrument 2 or of the relay are arrange as impulses of like polarity, precisely as the signals are produced in an ordinary telegraph system with a Morse key.

What I claim is:

l. A system of cable working comprising a cable, a sending key, a polarized relay, a transformer, and means whereby upon the opening of the key the relay will be operated by the induced current in the transformer to-reverse the connections of the battery to the line.

2. A system of cable working comprising a cable, a sending key for transmitting signal impulses of current, a polarized relay, a transformer, means whereby upon the opening of the key the relay will be operated by the induced current in the transformer to change the polarity of the current to the line, and means at the receiving or terminal.

end of the line for receiving said signal im pulses irrespective of their polarity.

3. A system of cable working comprising a cable, a sendii'ig .lrey, a polarized relay, a transformer, a split battery grounded through the primary coil of said trimsiformcr, the secondary coil thereof being connected to the relay, whereby upon the opening of the key the cmmections ol the battery to the line will be reversed.

4-. A, system of cable working comprising a cable, a sending hey, a polarized relay, and means whereby when the key is closed the relay tongue willhe held against its contact to complete the circuit to the cable and when the key is opened said means will cause the relay to reverse the polarity of the current to the line for the next key operation.

5. A system of cable working comprising a cable, a seni'ling key, a polarized relay, and means 'u'horeby the cable charging current will induce a current through the relay to hold the relay tongue against its contact when the sending hey is closed and when the key is opened said means will ca use the relay to reverse the polarity of the current to the line for the next key operation.

A system of cable working comprising 'a cable, a sending key, a polarized relay,

and means whereby the cable charging current will induce a current through the relay to hold the relay tongue against its contact when the sending kcy closed, said means serving to reverse the position of the relay tongue when the key is opened and to time by change the polarity of the current to the line for the next key operation.

7. A system of cable working comprising a cable, a transmitting means for sending signal impulses into the cable, a polarized relay, a transformer, means whereby upon the opening of the transmitting means the relay will be operated by the induced current in the transformer to change the polarity of the current to the line, and means at the receiving or terminal end of the line or cable for receiving said signal impulses .irrespec tive of their polarity.

8. A system of cable working comprising a cable, a polarized relay, a transformer, the secondary coil of said transformer being connected to the coilsof the relay, a split battery connected to the primary coil of the transim'mcr and to the stops for the relay tongue, and transmitting means For sending signal impulses ol" current into the cable said transmitting means when closed elcctrically connecting the relay tongue to the cable.

9. The method of \vi'irking cables consisting in transmitting signal impulses ol current through a polarized relay, sending a locally induced current through the relay at each opening of the transmitting means and reversing the polarity of the current to the line through each movement of the relay.

10. A system of cable working comprising a cable, a polarized relay, means for sending signal impulses of current through the said relay to the cable, means for producing a locally induced current through the relay upon each opening of the transmitting means, and means for reversing the polarity of the current to the cable upon each operation oi the polarized relay.

In testimony whereof I hereunto allix my signature in the presence of two \YitlltiFtn-l.

JOHN (PlOTT.

lVi tnesscs: I. E. hlAPlOCKS, L. C. .A'NsnavY. 

